When was parramatta found

The artwork along the river path is by Ngemba artist Jamie Eastwood and interprets the events of , the settlement of the Europeans and the displacement of the Burramattagul people who had prospered along the river for thousands of years.

Opened in , it was once home to orphaned convict and Aboriginal girls who were given a basic education here before it became a hospital for a century until the s. The grand building is now split into two wings, one housing a museum of the female orphan school and the other the Whitlam Institute and Margaret Whitlam Galleries since Visiting the Female Orphan School is a rich and rewarding experience, and one worth repeating to see the changing art and social history exhibitions in the Margaret Whitlam Galleries, as well as the A Changing Australia: the time of Gough Whitlam exhibition.

The Whitlam Institute, a research foundation and public policy institute, is also home to the Prime Ministerial Collection, filled with more than 35, objects related to Gough Whitlam including the letters and photographs of one of Australia's most remarkable Prime Ministers.

There is a rich legacy of medical science and hospital care in Parramatta, and you can learn about its history from colonial days to the s as you roam Brislington Medical and Nursing Museum. Read original writings including from Australian icon Banjo Patterson, and witness the collection that features weaponry, uniforms, flags and documents from battle.

The site is now a public hospital; the site can only be visited as part of a guided tour. Guided tours can be arranged by appointment only. It was used as additional accommodation by the Macarthur family and their friends. Best known resident was Penelope Lucas, governess to the Macarthur daughters. All of the furnishings are genuine period pieces and some have a special connection with the early colony. The cottage is built of sandstone brick and is a house museum - giving visitors an accurate sense of a colonial cottage in the early to mid 19th century.

Hambledon Cottage 63 Hassall St Parramatta. Experience a fascinating glimpse into the history of the Dairy Cottage Precinct in Parramatta Park through monthly guided tours.

Experiment Farm Cottage sits on one of the most important pieces of land in the founding of New South Wales. It was here that Governor Phillip issued the first land grant to former convict, James Ruse in Ruse went on to become a pioneer of agriculture and used the property to demonstrate an experiment in self sufficiency and survival.

In , Ruse sold his farm to surgeon John Harris who built the existing cottage in the It was lined on both sides with convict huts. Other buildings erected included a granary, stores, and military barracks. A hospital was operating in in a new brick hospital was built on a site by the river.

A gaol was commenced in in what is now Prince Alfred Park. The first service at St John's Church was held on 17 April Its distinctive towers were added in the s. Originally all communication to and from Parramatta was by river, but a rough track to Sydney was opened. Government House was set up as the governor's Parramatta residence and a large area around it was set aside as the Governor's Domain. It became Parramatta Park after it had been greatly reduced in size.

Until the s many governors preferred to rule from Parramatta rather than Sydney. Manufacturing in Parramatta included weaving, brewing, and brick kilns. The streets were regularised in and Inns emerged as commerce expanded in the town, changing a convict-based economy into a market-based economy.

It now forms part of the University of Western Sydney. The Female Factory was occupied in February , housing convict women awaiting assignment or returned to the government by their employers.

Previously, some grants been made in the town but most land was held under lease or at sufferance. The proclamation gave townspeople secure tenure of their land, which they could develop for commercial or residential purposes. When the leases expired in the s, there was a long period of tidying up of property ownership in Parramatta, which enabled some canny speculators to obtain a good deal of land in the area.

The process of finalising grants continued into the s. Parramatta grew as the major regional centre for western Cumberland with its courthouse, Government House, markets and stores. It provided professional services in law and medicine.

Many specialist suppliers operated from Parramatta while notable hotels such as the Red Cow and the Woolpack added to its attractions. The establishment of the King's School fixed Parramatta's role as a major educational centre. The school moved into new premises on the north side of the river in The [media] end of the convict regime in the s and the withdrawal of the imperial garrison and the loss of its financial expenditure meant a reduction of functions for Parramatta, so its economy suffered.

However, Parramatta was left with a legacy of major convict era buildings. The Battle of Parramatta involved Pemulwuy leading the revolt , with about Aboriginal people, on a government farm at Toongabbie, where British soldiers maintained a garrison. The Bidjigal fighters threw many spears and Pemulwuy speared one of the soldiers and in response, the troops shot him seven times.

As an act of compassion, the soldiers took the wounded Pemulwuy to the hospital at Parramatta, but he later escaped and continued his campaign of resistance.

Aboriginal man with spear, Michael Coghlan. It was on the 22nd of April that Governor Arthur Philip led an expedition into the west of Sydney. The party travelled by boat in search of arable land suitable for producing food for the fledgeling and hungry colony.

With British arrival, the Aboriginal people were hit hard by diseases such as small-pox, which had emerged in humans sometime after the first agricultural settlements farmed animals about 10, BCE. Aboriginal people had no immunity to these diseases, and populations were decimated.

Governor Philip was pleased with the soil quality and water resources around Parramatta and preferred it as a settlement site to the one already established on Sydney Harbour. However, it wasn't until November 2 that farm settlements were chosen at Parramatta by a group of convicts and soldiers, who established farms to the east of where Old Government House is today. After the convicts cleared the land, Governor Philip named the area Rose Hill.

The success of these farms was critical to the survival and development of the colony. Government Gaol Gang, circa Late in , the Rose Hill Packet , the first boat built in the colony, often called "The Lump", due to its barge-like shape, returned from Rose Hill on its maiden voyage, with the area's first harvest.

The bushels of wheat, 35 bushels of barley and a small quantity of Indian corn was a positive start for Governor's Farm, especially since rations in the colony were running low. The property is now the Experiment Farm Cottage.

This was Australia's first private farm. Experiment Farm Cottage, circa By the end of , Parramatta was still a small riverside village consisting of George and Church Streets; however, the settlement was bigger than Sydney. The population of currency lads and lasses was also growing; these were the children of convicts or emancipists, who were growing taller than their parents and had a different way of speaking.

Originally, the inn, was established as the Freemason Arms by James Larra, a former convict, who some sources cite as being a French forger of Jewish background.

The Woolpack Inn was given its current name in but moved to its current location to make way for the second courthouse.

The old Woolpack Inn, Parramatta. It was behind this famous hostelry that the proprietor, Nat Payten, with the help of the veteran bowler, Alexander Johnstone, made the first correctly laid bowling green in New South Wales. This etching, by Geoffrey C.

Ingleton, depicts a peaceful afternoon in A Well-Ordered Town. Governor King gave Rushton permission for his brewery in The first free settlers arrived in the colony in on the Bellona.

These settlers would begin to transform the colony with their innovation and industry. Shops and businesses began to be established ; the Sydney Gazette writing in that " Parramatta can now boast of some shops which would be worthy of observation and praise were they transferred to George Street, Sydney".

The town was formed very soon, only a few weeks after Sydney, and was intended to be utilized for growing grain — wheat, maize, oats, etc.

The first location was at the place in the Park, now known as Old Government House. This spot was called, and for years after was known as "The Camp. It was established about by John Metcalf , an emancipated convict. This irreplaceable historic hotel was demolished for the Parramatta Light Rail. It still stands in Church Street opposite the Catholic Cemetery. In , Marsden began church services in a makeshift building of two old timber huts at the corner of George and Marsden Streets the site of the present-day Law Courts.

The Reverend was of a puritanical nature and he compiled a list of women in the colony called The Female Register, which categorised women into three categories: "married", "widowed" or "concubine". The Reverend only recognised marriage in the Anglican Church, so women of other religions, such as Catholic and Jewish women, were immediately placed in the "concubine" category.

Reverend Marsden is buried in St. John's graveyard, Parramatta. The women of the Parramatta Female Factory have been painted in stereotyped ways as being women of loose morals and criminals engaged in debauchery. Some of these convict women were mothers who worked hard: They were also survivors whose food rations were close to starvation level on many occasions.

Women who were deemed well-behaved were chosen to be wives and servants, while the difficult cases were locked up or sent to Newcastle, to the coal works. The first Female Factory at Parramatta — was located over the old gaol. It was a wool and linen factory, where women worked by day and slept at night. By , a new three-storey building of stone had been constructed for the female convicts at Parramatta. Governor Macquarie described the new factory as:. John's Church The original St.

John's Church, Parramatta, used by Samuel Marsden, was built between and Between and , a facade incorporating twin towers topped with spires was added, copied from those of St Mary's Church, Reculver, in Kent, England. St John's was damaged by a storm on 21 December and was a "perfect ruin" by The foundation stone of the new St. John's was laid on 11 August The Parramatta bathhouse was built in for Governor Brisbane. Water was pumped through lead pipes from the river, and used water was run off through brick drains into a nearby duck pond.

The Bath House was made into a pavilion in Brislington House built in , the oldest inner-city house in Parramatta, is now a medical and nursing museum. The building was constructed in for ex-convict John Hodges as a condition of his application to Governor Macquarie for a Liquor License, using money he won in a card game at the Woolpack Inn.

Howells' Mill was a combined wind and water mill built in on the southern bank of the Parramatta River by ex-convict George Howell and his son George. Charles Darwin During Charles Darwin's 5 year voyage around the world, in the "Beagle", he spent 19 days docked in Sydney in The road appeared much frequented by all sorts of carriages.

King rode to Paramatta.